{"id":1100,"date":"2023-03-10T12:39:41","date_gmt":"2023-03-10T12:39:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/engoo.cn.com\/blog\/?p=1100"},"modified":"2024-09-18T04:31:59","modified_gmt":"2024-09-18T04:31:59","slug":"route-of-transmission","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/engoo.cn.com\/blog\/%e8%af%8d%e6%b1%87%e4%b8%8e%e8%af%ad%e6%b3%95\/%e4%b8%bb%e9%a2%98%e5%8d%95%e8%af%8d-%e8%af%8d%e6%b1%87%e4%b8%8e%e8%af%ad%e6%b3%95\/route-of-transmission\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u4e3b\u9898\u5355\u8bcd\u3011\u5e38\u89c1\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u67d3\u9014\u5f84\u5927\u5168"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_80 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/engoo.cn.com\/blog\/%e8%af%8d%e6%b1%87%e4%b8%8e%e8%af%ad%e6%b3%95\/%e4%b8%bb%e9%a2%98%e5%8d%95%e8%af%8d-%e8%af%8d%e6%b1%87%e4%b8%8e%e8%af%ad%e6%b3%95\/route-of-transmission\/#route_of_infection_transmission%E4%BC%A0%E6%9F%93%E9%80%94%E5%BE%84\" >route of infection \/ transmission\u4f20\u67d3\u9014\u5f84<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/engoo.cn.com\/blog\/%e8%af%8d%e6%b1%87%e4%b8%8e%e8%af%ad%e6%b3%95\/%e4%b8%bb%e9%a2%98%e5%8d%95%e8%af%8d-%e8%af%8d%e6%b1%87%e4%b8%8e%e8%af%ad%e6%b3%95\/route-of-transmission\/#direct_transmission_%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD\" >direct transmission \u76f4\u63a5\u4f20\u64ad<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/engoo.cn.com\/blog\/%e8%af%8d%e6%b1%87%e4%b8%8e%e8%af%ad%e6%b3%95\/%e4%b8%bb%e9%a2%98%e5%8d%95%e8%af%8d-%e8%af%8d%e6%b1%87%e4%b8%8e%e8%af%ad%e6%b3%95\/route-of-transmission\/#vertical_transmission_%E5%9E%82%E7%9B%B4%E4%BC%A0%E6%9F%93\" >vertical transmission \u5782\u76f4\u4f20\u67d3<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/engoo.cn.com\/blog\/%e8%af%8d%e6%b1%87%e4%b8%8e%e8%af%ad%e6%b3%95\/%e4%b8%bb%e9%a2%98%e5%8d%95%e8%af%8d-%e8%af%8d%e6%b1%87%e4%b8%8e%e8%af%ad%e6%b3%95\/route-of-transmission\/#droplet_infection_%E9%A3%9E%E6%B2%AB%E4%BC%A0%E6%9F%93\" >droplet infection \u98de\u6cab\u4f20\u67d3<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/engoo.cn.com\/blog\/%e8%af%8d%e6%b1%87%e4%b8%8e%e8%af%ad%e6%b3%95\/%e4%b8%bb%e9%a2%98%e5%8d%95%e8%af%8d-%e8%af%8d%e6%b1%87%e4%b8%8e%e8%af%ad%e6%b3%95\/route-of-transmission\/#blood_borne_infection_%E8%A1%80%E6%B6%B2%E4%BC%A0%E6%9F%93\" >blood borne infection \u8840\u6db2\u4f20\u67d3<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/engoo.cn.com\/blog\/%e8%af%8d%e6%b1%87%e4%b8%8e%e8%af%ad%e6%b3%95\/%e4%b8%bb%e9%a2%98%e5%8d%95%e8%af%8d-%e8%af%8d%e6%b1%87%e4%b8%8e%e8%af%ad%e6%b3%95\/route-of-transmission\/#indirect_transmission_%E9%97%B4%E6%8E%A5%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD\" >indirect transmission \u95f4\u63a5\u4f20\u64ad<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/engoo.cn.com\/blog\/%e8%af%8d%e6%b1%87%e4%b8%8e%e8%af%ad%e6%b3%95\/%e4%b8%bb%e9%a2%98%e5%8d%95%e8%af%8d-%e8%af%8d%e6%b1%87%e4%b8%8e%e8%af%ad%e6%b3%95\/route-of-transmission\/#vehicle-borne_transmission_%E5%AA%92%E4%BB%8B%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD\" >vehicle-borne transmission \u5a92\u4ecb\u4f20\u64ad<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/engoo.cn.com\/blog\/%e8%af%8d%e6%b1%87%e4%b8%8e%e8%af%ad%e6%b3%95\/%e4%b8%bb%e9%a2%98%e5%8d%95%e8%af%8d-%e8%af%8d%e6%b1%87%e4%b8%8e%e8%af%ad%e6%b3%95\/route-of-transmission\/#vector-borne_transmission_%E8%99%AB%E5%AA%92%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD\" >vector-borne transmission \u866b\u5a92\u4f20\u64ad<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/engoo.cn.com\/blog\/%e8%af%8d%e6%b1%87%e4%b8%8e%e8%af%ad%e6%b3%95\/%e4%b8%bb%e9%a2%98%e5%8d%95%e8%af%8d-%e8%af%8d%e6%b1%87%e4%b8%8e%e8%af%ad%e6%b3%95\/route-of-transmission\/#airborne_transmission_%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%94%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD\" >airborne transmission \u7a7a\u6c14\u4f20\u64ad<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/engoo.cn.com\/blog\/%e8%af%8d%e6%b1%87%e4%b8%8e%e8%af%ad%e6%b3%95\/%e4%b8%bb%e9%a2%98%e5%8d%95%e8%af%8d-%e8%af%8d%e6%b1%87%e4%b8%8e%e8%af%ad%e6%b3%95\/route-of-transmission\/#zoonosis_%E4%BA%BA%E7%95%9C%E5%85%B1%E6%82%A3%E4%BC%A0%E6%9F%93%E7%97%85\" >zoonosis \u4eba\u755c\u5171\u60a3\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p>\u6821\u5bf9\/ Westia Sun<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u4eba\u7c7b\u6b7b\u4ea1\u6700\u591a\u7684\u4ece\u6765\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u5929\u707e\u6216\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6709\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6740\u6b7b\u6700\u591a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u524d\u516d\u540d\u7531\u4f4e\u5230\u9ad8\u5206\u522b\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u4f0a\u6ce2\u62c9\u75c5\u6bd2\uff08Ebolavirus\uff09<\/li><li>\u72c2\u72ac\u75c5\u6bd2\uff08Rabies virus\uff09<\/li><li>\u7231\u6ecb\u75c5\u6bd2\uff08HIV human immunodeficiency virus\uff09<\/li><li>\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u6d41\u611f\uff08Spanish flu\uff09<\/li><li>\u9ed1\u6b7b\u75c5\uff08Black Death\uff09<\/li><li>\u5929\u82b1\u75c5\u6bd2\uff08variola virus\uff09<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u7684\u8513\u5ef6\u9700\u8981\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u8981\u7d20\u4e0e\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>pathogen \u75c5\u539f\u4f53\uff1a\u5f15\u8d77\u611f\u67d3\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff08\u7ec6\u83cc\u3001\u75c5\u6bd2\u3001\u5bc4\u751f\u866b\u3001\u771f\u83cc\u7b49\uff09<\/li><li>host \u5bbf\u4e3b\uff1a\u5e26\u6709\u75c5\u539f\u4f53\u7684\u4eba\u6216\u52a8\u7269<\/li><li>exit \u79bb\u5f00\uff1a\u75c5\u539f\u4f53\u79bb\u5f00\u5bbf\u4e3b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/li><li>transmission \u4f20\u64ad\u9014\u5f84\uff1a\u75c5\u539f\u4f53\u79bb\u5f00\u539f\u5bbf\u4e3b\u540e\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u8f6c\u79fb\u3001\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f20\u64ad<\/li><li>environment \u73af\u5883\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u75c5\u539f\u4f53\u9002\u5408\u4f20\u64ad\u6269\u6563\u7684\u73af\u5883<\/li><li>entry \u8fdb\u5165\uff1a\u75c5\u539f\u4f53\u8fdb\u5165\u65b0\u5bbf\u4e3b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/li><li>susceptible person or animal \u6613\u611f\u67d3\u7684\u4eba\u6216\u52a8\u7269\uff1a\u53d7\u611f\u67d3\u5373\u6210\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u5bbf\u4e3b<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0d\u505c\u91cd\u590d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u75be\u75c5\u5c31\u4f1a\u4ece\u4e2a\u4f53\u611f\u67d3\u53d8\u6210\u7fa4\u4f53\u611f\u67d3\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6700\u540e\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u8981\u4e00\u8d77\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u8bae\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u73af\u5c31\u662f\u4f20\u64ad\u9014\u5f84\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u76ee\u524d\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u9014\u5f84\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u76f4\u63a5\u4f20\u64ad\u4e0e\u95f4\u63a5\u4f20\u64ad\u4e24\u79cd\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"route_of_infection_transmission%E4%BC%A0%E6%9F%93%E9%80%94%E5%BE%84\"><\/span>route of infection \/ transmission\u4f20\u67d3\u9014\u5f84<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"direct_transmission_%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD\"><\/span>direct transmission \u76f4\u63a5\u4f20\u64ad<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"vertical_transmission_%E5%9E%82%E7%9B%B4%E4%BC%A0%E6%9F%93\"><\/span>vertical transmission \u5782\u76f4\u4f20\u67d3<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u51fa\u751f\u524d\u540e\uff0c\u6bcd\u4eb2\u5c06\u75c5\u539f\u4f53\u4f20\u67d3\u7ed9\u5c0f\u5b69\u5c31\u662f vertical transmission \uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5728\u80ce\u76d8 (placenta) \u3001\u54fa\u4e73\u6bcd\u4e73 (breast milk) \u8fc7\u7a0b\u9020\u6210\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"droplet_infection_%E9%A3%9E%E6%B2%AB%E4%BC%A0%E6%9F%93\"><\/span>droplet infection \u98de\u6cab\u4f20\u67d3<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>droplet \u662f\u6307\u5c0f\u6c34\u6ef4\uff0c droplet infection \u662f\u6307\u98de\u6cab\u4f20\u67d3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5373\u900f\u8fc7\u6253\u55b7\u568f (sneezing) \u3001\u54b3\u55fd (cough) \uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6216\u8bf4\u8bdd\u7684\u53e3\u6c34\u628a\u75c5\u539f\u4f53\u5e26\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"blood_borne_infection_%E8%A1%80%E6%B6%B2%E4%BC%A0%E6%9F%93\"><\/span>blood borne infection \u8840\u6db2\u4f20\u67d3<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>borne \u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u662f\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u3001\u643a\u5e26\u7684\uff0c\u50cf\u662f waterborne \u5c31\u662f\u6307\u6c34\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>blood borne infection \u5c31\u662f\u8840\u6db2\u4f20\u67d3\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u900f\u8fc7\u5171\u7528\u9488\u5934 (sharing needles) \u3001\u6027\u63a5\u89e6 (sexual contact) \uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6216\u662f\u54fa\u4e73\u6bcd\u4e73\u5c06\u8840\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u6563\u64ad\u51fa\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>-<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"indirect_transmission_%E9%97%B4%E6%8E%A5%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD\"><\/span>indirect transmission \u95f4\u63a5\u4f20\u64ad<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"vehicle-borne_transmission_%E5%AA%92%E4%BB%8B%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD\"><\/span>vehicle-borne transmission \u5a92\u4ecb\u4f20\u64ad<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5e26\u6709\u75c5\u539f\u4f53\u7684\u5a92\u4ecb (vehicle) \u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u4eba\u4f53\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bfc\u81f4\u4eba\u751f\u75c5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9014\u5f84\u5c31\u53eb\u5a92\u4ecb\u7269\u4f20\u67d3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"vector-borne_transmission_%E8%99%AB%E5%AA%92%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD\"><\/span>vector-borne transmission \u866b\u5a92\u4f20\u64ad<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u866b\u5a92\u50cf\u662f\u87a8 (mite) \u3001\u868a\u5b50 (mosquito) \u3001\u8df3\u86a4 (flea) \u53ef\u4ee5\u643a\u5e26\u75be\u75c5\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d7\u611f\u67d3\u7684\u4eba\uff08\u6216\u52a8\u7269\uff09\u4f20\u64ad\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"airborne_transmission_%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%94%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD\"><\/span>airborne transmission \u7a7a\u6c14\u4f20\u64ad<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u75c5\u539f\u4f53\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u60ac\u6d6e\uff0c\u88ab\u4eba\u4f53\u900f\u8fc7\u547c\u5438\u9053\u5438\u8fdb\u4f53\u5185\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>-<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u65e2\u7136\u8bf4\u5230\u4e86\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u8bf4\u4eba\u755c\u5171\u60a3\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"zoonosis_%E4%BA%BA%E7%95%9C%E5%85%B1%E6%82%A3%E4%BC%A0%E6%9F%93%E7%97%85\"><\/span>zoonosis \u4eba\u755c\u5171\u60a3\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u662f\u6307\u53ef\u4ee5\u4eba\u4f20\u52a8\u7269\u6216\u662f\u52a8\u7269\u4f20\u4eba\u7684\u75be\u75c5\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u900f\u8fc7 direct transmission\uff08\u76f4\u63a5\u4f20\u67d3\uff09\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6216\u662f vector-borne transmission\uff08\u75c5\u5a92\u4f20\u67d3\uff09\u5728\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f20\u64ad\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u50cf\u662f HIV\u3001Spanish flu \u7686\u662f zoonosis \u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>-<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u7684\u75c5\u539f\u4f53\u5b9e\u5728\u592a\u591a\u5566\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e8b\u53d1\u524d\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u96be\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u5730\u9884\u9632\u6216\u6251\u706d\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u65e5\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u591a\u4e86\u89e3\u4e00\u70b9\u6709\u5173\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e8b\u5230\u4e34\u5934\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u90a3\u4e48\u614c\u6050\u5bb3\u6015\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6821\u5bf9\/ Westia Sun 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